Infections of Unicauda clavicauda (Kudo, 1920) Davis, 1944 (Myxozoa) are described from Notropis hudsonius (Clinton) in Montana. Plasmodia form beneath scales of the body and produced spores within a loosely-defined matrix. Fixed spores are oval in front view, 11-14 pm long and 9-10.5 pm wide, and contain a posterior appendage that is up to 26 pm long. The polar capsules are 4-6 pm long and 2.5-4 pm wide. The study represents the first report of U. clavicauda since the original species description and a new host and geographical record. The taxonomic history of Unicauda Davis, 1944 is summarised and it is concluded the following 10 species are valid members of the genus: U. aristichthydis Zhao et Ma, 1995, U. brachyura (Ward, 1919), U. caudatus (Gogebashvili, 1965), U clavicauda, U. crassicauda (Kudo, 1934), U. lumae Rahemo, 1976, U. macrura (Gurley, 1893), U. magna Minchew, 1981, U. pelteobagrus Ma, 1998, and U. wuhanensis Xiao et Chen, 1993. All of these species have circular, subcircular, or oval spores in frontal view and all parasitise fish of the superorder Ostariophysi. As a group they are known from temperate freshwater locations in North America, Europe and Asia. A list of 16 species described or transferred to Unicauda at one time or another, but not recognised as members of the genus in the present study, is provided.
The morphometrical variability of Zonorchis clalhraium (Deslongschamps, 1824) from Apus apus in the Czech Republic, Z. rutshurensis (Baer, 1959) from Apus cajffer streubeli and Z. dureni Vercammen-Grandjean, 1960 from Hirundo ni-grita in Congo was studied. Zonorchis rulshurensis and Z dureni are considered to be synonyms of Z. clathratum. Lyperosomum oswuldoi Travassos, 1919 sensu Jaroń, 1969 is considered to beZ. clathratum, and L. clathratum (Deslongschamps, 1824) sensu Jaroń, 1969 is considered to be Stromitremu koschewnikovi (Skryabin et Massino, 1925).
This article summarises formulas used for calculation of intraocular lenses (IOL) power. A historical review is followed by a complete description of formula generations. The problems related to the calculation are discussed, i.e. using the cornea value K, determination of an effective lens position ELP in the dependency on the axial length, including local valid statistical inferences and an adaptation of the formulas to individual needs. Graphically presented formulas with tables can be selected for their best clinical use. The possible solution for future IOL applications with the flexible lens power is proposed. and Tento článek se zabývá výpočtem optické mohutnosti intraokulárních čoček (IOL). Po historickém úvodu jsou probírány jednotlivé generace výpočtových vzorců. V chronologickém sledu jsou pak rozebrány hlavní problémy související s výpočtem optické mohutnosti IOL: užití rohovkové proměnné K, výpočet efektivní pozice implantované čočky (ELP), závislost na axiální délce oka, problém lokálně platné statistické inference a individualizace vzorce. Článek obsahuje graf jednotlivých křivek výpočtových vzorců a tabulku ustáleného schématu pro jejich výběr. Závěr článku nastiňuje možný vývoj do budoucna.