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2. Comparative infectivity of Fascìola hepatica metacercariae from isolates of the main and secondary reservoir animal host species in the Bolivian Altipiano high human endemic region

Creator:
Valero, Maria Adela and Mas-Coma, Santiago
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
Fasciola hepatica, metacercariae, Bolivian Altipiano, viability, age, sheep, cattle, pig, donkey, and laboratory rat
Language:
English
Description:
Fascioliasis due to Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) is an endemic disease on the Northern Bolivian Altipiano, where human prevalences and intensities arc the highest known, sheep and cattle are the main reservoir hosts, and pigs and donkeys the secondary ones. Investigations were carried out to study the viability of metacercariae experimentally obtained from eggs shed by naturally infected Altiplanic sheep, cattle, pigs and donkeys. A total of 157 Wistar rats were infected with doses of 5, 10, 20 and 150 metacercariae. Metacercariae aged for different number of weeks were used to analyse the influence of age on their viability. The number of worms successfully developed in each rat was established by dissection. Results obtained show that metacercarial infectivity is dependent upon storage time, being lower when metacercariae arc older. The maximum longevity is 31 weeks using doses of 20 metacercariae per rat and 48 weeks with 150 metacercariae per rat, although in the latter case only a very low percentage of worms is recovered. Age-related infectivity of metacercariae from Altiplanic F. hepatica does not significantly differ from that of the liver fluke in lowlands of other countries. Concerning the influence of the isolate according to host species, results indicate that metacercarial viabilities of pig and donkey isolates are similar to the viabilities of metacercariae of sheep and cattle isolates. Thus, pig and donkey have a high transmission potential capacity concerning this aspect. This fact is of great importance for the control of human and animal fascioliasis in this highly endemic zone.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3. Discovery of the life cycle of Sarcocystis lacerine Babudieri, 1932 (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae), with a species redescription

Creator:
Volf, Jiří, Modrý, David, Koudela, Břetislav, and Šlapeta, Jan R.
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae, Sarcocystis lacertae, life cycle, and redescription
Language:
English
Description:
Oocysts/sporocysts of Sarcocystis sp. were found in the intestinal contents of the smooth snake, Coronella austriaca I .aurenti. Common voles Microtus arvalis (Pallas), bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber), green lizards Lacerta viridis (Laurcnti), and common wall lizards Podarcis muralis (Laurenti) were experimentally inoculated as potential intermediate hosts. Only common wall lizards were found to be susceptible intermediate hosts. Transparent, macroscopically hardly visible sarcocysts found in tail striated muscles of lizards were 480 (390-640) x 210 (190-230) pm in size 72 days post-infection. Using the light microscopy, the sarcocyst wall was about 1 pm thick with an apparent layer of villi approx. 2 pm thick. Ullraslruclurally, the primary cyst wall was characterised by spine-like villar protrusions up to 2.5 pm in length and 0.5 pm in diameter. Based on sarcocyst morphology and experimental data, the discovered Sarcocystis species is suggested to be conspccific with Sarcocystis lacertae Babudieri, 1932. A redescription of Sarcocystis lacertae is presented in this study.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. The nervous system of Polystoma indicum (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) as revealed by nonspecific esterase localization

Creator:
Dutta, M. and Tandon, V.
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
Polystoma indicum, Polystomatida, Monogenea, nervous system, and nonspecific esterases
Language:
English
Description:
Using the localization of nonspecific esterases, the nervous system of Polystoma indicum Diengdoh et Tandon, 1991 could be revealed in toto. The nervous system is bilaterally symmetrical. Cerebral ganglia, which are connected by a thick dorsal commissure, are present dorsal to the pharynx. From the cerebral ganglia arise five anterior pairs and four posterior pairs of nerve trunks. The anterior nerves and/or their fine branches join to form a conspicuous circumoral nerve ring complex. The posterior nerves unite in the opisthaptoral region to form two main haptoral nerves, the branches from which innervate the components of the opisthaptor. Presence of nerve cells is also revealed in association with the main nerves, more predominantly in the vicinity of the opisthaptoral suckers.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public