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2. Determinants of change in the duration of ice phenomena on the Vistula River in Toruń
- Creator:
- Pawłowski, Bogusław
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ice phenomena, Vistula River, natural factor, and human impact
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Winter season temperatures are becoming warmer. However, the transformation of the ice regime on the Vistula River in Toruń has also been affected by river engineering. In particular, the construction and operation of the Włocławek Dam had a significant impact on ice processes. The article presents the results of an analysis determining the contribution of natural and anthropogenic factors to the duration of ice phenomena and ice cover on the Vistula River in the city of Toruń. Compared to the end of the nineteenth century, there has been a reduction in the duration of ice phenomena from 88 to 53 days and of ice cover from 40 to 7 days (in the period of 1882-2011). The article compares the duration of ice cover and winter temperature in three different periods: before the completion of river engineering works (1882-1907); for the controlled river (1908-1969), and for the controlled river with the Włocławek Dam upstream of Toruń (1970-2011). The results showed a significant role of these anthropogenic factors in the changes of the ice cover duration on the Vistula River in Toruń.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3. Fuzzy model pro předpověď stupně ohroženosti povodí povodněmi z přívalových dešťů
- Creator:
- Janál, Petr and Starý, Miloš
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fuzzy logic, fuzzy sets, fuzzy model, flash flood, small river basin, operative prediction, fuzzy logika, fuzzy množiny, přívalový déšť, povodeň, malá povodí, and operativní předpověď
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- One of the most difficult tasks in field of the operative hydrology is the prediction of occurrence and course of the flash floods. It is difficult to predict torrential rainfalls because their character (great intensity, short duration, small affected area). Usage of the nowcasting methods (weather forecast with two hour validity) holds hope. The torrential rainfall prediction should be followed by suitable hydrological model able to estimate at least the resultant peak outflow. The hydrological models construction interferes with high measure of uncertainty, inherent in the rainfall prediction, rainfall-runoff process and its simulation. The way how to eliminate influence of uncertainty is to use the fuzzy logic and other artificial intelligence methods. The fuzzy model was compiled through the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox in the developmental environment of MATLAB. A model was calibrated with the help of genetic algorithm, neural networks and different optimization methods. and V příspěvku jsou prezentovány výsledky experimentálního výzkumu pohybu rotující kulovité částice ve vodě. Kulovitá částice vyrobená z gumy o hustotě blízké hustotě vody byla uvedena do pohybu v šikmé štěrbině, kde získala rotační i translační rychlost v osové rovině štěrbiny. Trajektorie částic ve vodě byly snímány standardní video kamerou a byl vyhodnocen vliv dvou bezrozměrných parametrů (Reynoldsova čísla a rotačního Reynoldsova čísla) na pohyb částice. Z experimentálních údajů byly určeny hodnoty odporového koeficientu a odporového momentu částice a tyto hodnoty byly porovnány s výsledky numerické simulace pohybu částice. Byly vyhodnoceny vztahy vhodné pro využití při numerickém modelování a popisující vzájemné závislosti výše uvedených veličin a vzájemný vliv translačního a rotačního pohybu částice.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4. Oscillation criteria for second order neutral differential equations
- Creator:
- Džurina, Jozef and Mihalíková, Božena
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- neutral equation and delayed argument
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Our aim in this paper is to present sufficient conditions for the oscillation of the second order neutral differential equation.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public