Experimental data concerning the bioavailability of the different Mg-salts in human organism is inconsistent. Mg-absorption reported by clinical studies largely varies depending on the method used for evaluation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability and accessibility of magnesium bound in different Mg-salt compounds, using an in vitro model of intestinal cell barrier. The study included a variety of inorganic (oxide, sulphate, chloride, carbonate) and organic salts (lactate, citrate, pidolate). Caco-2 cells were cultivated in a complete culture medium with different magnesium salts treatments in ascending concentrations. The viability and quantity of cells was analysed by FACS. Mg-absorption was analysed by a direct colorimetric assay, measured by spectrometry. T-test identified a significant decrease in cell count treatment with mg-lactate compared with citrate. Mg-pidolate showed a significantly higher cell viability compared with Mg-citrate, Mg-lactate and Mg-chloride. Even though the difference was not significant, we showed that an increase in Mg2+ salt concentration progressively decreased the cell count and the viability and the effect was universal for all the used Mg-salt treatments. Mg-citrate, chloride, and sulphate showed a significantly lower absorption compared to Mg-carbonate, pidolate and oxide. Our in vitro monolayer model of human intestinal transport showed that viability and quantity of cell decreased with increasing Mg-concentration. We admit that our experiment model may have some limitations in accurately describing an in vivo Mg2+ absorption. Moreover, it is also necessary to assess the relevance of our data in vivo and especially in clinical practice., Ján Kyselovič, Nikola Chomaničová, Adriana Adamičková, Simona Valášková, Barbara Šalingová, Andrea Gažová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Let $G$ be a finite group and $p$ a prime number. We prove that if $G$ is a finite group of order $|{\rm PSL}(2,p^2)|$ such that $G$ has an irreducible character of degree $p^2$ and we know that $G$ has no irreducible character $\theta $ such that $2p\mid \theta (1)$, then $G$ is isomorphic to ${\rm PSL}(2,p^2)$. As a consequence of our result we prove that ${\rm PSL}(2,p^2)$ is uniquely determined by the structure of its complex group algebra.
Let $\mu $ be a nonnegative Radon measure on ${{\mathbb R}^d}$ which only satisfies $\mu (B(x, r))\le C_0r^n$ for all $x\in {{\mathbb R}^d}$, $r>0$, with some fixed constants $C_0>0$ and $n\in (0,d].$ In this paper, a new characterization for the space $\mathop{\rm RBMO}(\mu )$ of Tolsa in terms of the John-Strömberg sharp maximal function is established.
Let $\Cal H$ be a separable infinite dimensional complex Hilbert space, and let $\Cal L(\Cal H)$ denote the algebra of all bounded linear operators on $\Cal H$ into itself. Let $A=(A_{1},A_{2},\dots ,A_{n})$, $B=(B_{1},B_{2},\dots ,B_{n})$ be $n$-tuples of operators in $\Cal L(\Cal H)$; we define the elementary operators $\Delta_{A,B}\:\Cal L(\Cal H)\mapsto\Cal L(\Cal H)$ by $\Delta_{A,B}(X)=\sum_{i=1}^nA_iXB_i-X.$ In this paper, we characterize the class of pairs of operators $A,B\in\Cal L(\Cal H)$ satisfying Putnam-Fuglede’s property, i.e, the class of pairs of operators $A,B\in\Cal L(\Cal H)$ such that $\sum_{i=1}^nB_iTA_i=T$ implies $\sum_{i=1}^nA_i^*TB_i^*=T$ for all $T\in\Cal C_1(\Cal H)$ (trace class operators). The main result is the equivalence between this property and the fact that the ultraweak closure of the range of the elementary operator $\Delta_{A,B}$ is closed under taking adjoints. This leads us to give a new characterization of the orthogonality (in the sense of Birkhoff) of the range of an elementary operator and its kernel in $C_1$ classes.
Let G be a group and !(G) be the set of element orders of G. Let k 2 !(G) and mk(G) be the number of elements of order k in G. Let nse(G) = {mk(G) : k 2 !(G)}. Assume r is a prime number and let G be a group such that nse(G) = nse(Sr), where Sr is the symmetric group of degree r. In this paper we prove that G = Sr, if r divides the order of G and r2 does not divide it. To get the conclusion we make use of some well-known results on the prime graphs of finite simple groups and their components., Azam Babai, Zeinab Akhlaghi., and Seznam literatury
In this paper a new class of self-mappings on metric spaces, which satisfy the nonexpensive type condition (3) below is introduced and investigated. The main result is that such mappings have a unique fixed point. Also, a remetrization theorem, which is converse to Banach contraction principle is given.
We present a new Generalized Learning Vector Quantization classifier called Optimally Generalized Learning Vector Quantization based on a novel weight-update rule for learning labeled samples. The algorithm attains stable prototype/weight vector dynamics in terms of estimated current and previous weights and their updates. Resulting weight update term is then related to the proximity measure used by Generalized Learning Vector Quantization classifiers. New algorithm and some major counterparts are tested and compared for synthetic and publicly available datasets. For both the datasets studied, it is seen that the new classifier outperforms its counterparts in training and testing with accuracy above 80% its counterparts and in robustness against model parameter varition.
Four of 28 wild boodies or burrowing bettongs, Bettongia lesueur (Quoy et Gaimard) passed oocysts of species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875. The boodies are surviving on off-shore islands and in large predator-proof sanctuaries on the mainland where they were reintroduced. The boodie is a potoroid marsupial extinct from the mainland of Australia due to predation from red foxes and feral cats. Comparison with other species of the genus Eimeria indicates that the coccidium found represents a new species. Sporulated oocyst of Eimeria burdi sp. n. are pyriform, 21.0-24.0 µm (mean 22.6 µm) by 14.0-16.0 µm (14.9 µm), with a length/width ratio 1.31-1.71 (1.52) and 1-µm-thick yellowish bilayered wall. Micropyle is present at the thinner apex end filled with hyaline body. Polar granules are absent. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 10.0-13.5 µm (11.8 µm) by 7.0-8.5 µm (7.4 µm), shape index is 1.42-1.89 (1.63) and a very thin, poorly defined unilayered sporocyst wall is 0.2 µm thick with a domelike almost indistinct Stieda body. Substieda body is indistinct., Frances Hulst, Leah F. Kemp, Jan Šlapeta., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We present an hitherto unknown cometary reflection nebula {a = 20^h18^m3, δ+37°00') associated with a dense dust cloud. A bright, compact Herbig-Haro oject is embedded in its brightest part. The highly reddened illuminating star of about 3-5 M„, located near the apex of the nebula, emits a collimated bipolar flow at high velocity, whose blueshifted stream feeds the HH object. The redshifted stream can be traced toward the interior of the dark cloud, where the density exceeds 10^5 cm^-3.