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11. Prof. MUDr. Dr.h.c. Helena Rašková, D.Sc. is ninety: (born January 2, 1913)

Creator:
Jaroslav Květina
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Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, Rašková, Helena, 1913-2010, 20.-21. století, vědkyně, farmakologie, women scientists, pharmacology, Česko, Czechia, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
J. Květina, F. Perlík.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

12. Prof. RNDr. Dr.h.c. Jaroslav Květina, DrSc. Celebrates his 85th birthday

Creator:
Ondřej Slanař and František Perlík
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Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, Květina, Jaroslav, 1930-, farmaceuti, farmakologie, jubilejní oslavy, pharmacists, pharmacology, anniversary celebrations, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
O. Slanař, F. Perlík.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

14. Structure, function, and pharmacology of NMDA receptor channels

Creator:
Vyklicky, V., Korinek, M., Smejkalova, T., Aleš Balík, Krausova, B., Kaniakova, M., Lichnerova, K., Cerny, J., Krusek, J., Ivan Dittert, Martin Horák, and Vyklicky, L.
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, iontové kanály, farmakologie, ion channels, pharmacology, glutamate receptor, NMDA receptor, channel blocker, synaptic transmission, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
NMDA receptors have received much attention over the last few decades, due to their role in many types of neural plasticity on the one hand, and their involvement in excitotoxicity on the other hand. There is great interest in developing clinically relevant NMDA receptor antagonists that would block excitotoxic NMDA receptor activation, without interfering with NMDA receptor function needed for normal synaptic transmission and plasticity. This review summarizes current understanding of the structure of NMDA receptors and the mechanisms of NMDA receptor activation and modulation, with special attention given to data describing the properties of various types of NMDA receptor inhibition. Our recent analyses point to certain neurosteroids as NMDA receptor inhibitors with desirable properties. Specifically, these compounds show use-dependent but voltage-independent block, that is predicted to preferentially target excessive tonic NMDA receptor activation. Importantly, neurosteroids are also characterized by use-independent unblock, compatible with minimal disruption of normal synaptic transmission. Thus, neurosteroids are a promising class of NMDA receptor modulators that may lead to the development of neuroprotective drugs with optimal therapeutic profiles., V. Vyklicky ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

15. The role of adrenergic agonists on glycogenolysis in rat hepatocyte cultures and possible involvement of NO

Creator:
Hodis, J., Nikolína Kutinová-Canová, Petr Potměšil, Ludmila Kameníková, Eva Kmoníčková, Zdeněk Zídek, and Hassan Farghali
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article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Experimentální medicína, farmakologie, oxid dusnatý, adrenalin, pharmacology, nitric oxide, adrenaline, glykogen, glykogenolýza, epinefrin, glycogen, glycogenolysis, epinephrine, iNOS, cAMP, 14, and 616-092
Language:
English
Description:
Certain liver metabolic diseases point to the presence of disturbances in glycogen deposition. Epinephrine raises the cAMP level that activates protein kinase A leading to the activation of phosphorylase and glycogen breakdown. In the present report, we sought to investigate whether NO is produced during adrenoceptor agonist-induced glycogenolysis in rat hepatocytes in cultures. Isolated glycogen rich rat hepatocytes in cultures were used. NO production (NO2-) was assessed under the effect of adrenergic agonists and adrenergic agonist/antagonist pairs, dibutyryl cyclic AMP sodium-potassium salt (db-cAMP), NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), aminoguanidine (AG) and the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) . The inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA was examined by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Glycogenolysis was quantified by glucose levels released into medium. The amount of glucose and NO2- released by hepatocytes was increased as a result of epinephrine, phenylephrine or db-cAMP treatments. The increase in glucose and NO2- released by epinephrine or phenylephrine was blocked or reduced by prazosin pretreatment and by NOS inhibitors aminoguanidine and L-NAME. iNOS gene expression was up-regulated by epinephrine. It can be concluded that glycogenolysis occurs through α adrenoceptor stimulation and a signaling cascade may involve NO production., J. Hodis, N. Kutinová-Canová, P. Potměšil, L. Kameníková, E. Kmoníčková, Z. Zídek, H. Farghali., and Obsahuje biblografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

16. What is the role of neurotransmitter systems in cortical seizures?

Creator:
Pavel Mareš and Hana Kubová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, neurofyziologie, epileptologie, farmakologie, neurophysiology, epileptology, pharmacology, cortical epileptic afterdischarges, GABA, glutamate, immature rats, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Epileptic afterdischarges (ADs) elicited by electrical stimulation of sensorimotor cortical area were used as a model to study the role of neurotransmitter systems in cortical seizures in three age groups of developing rats. Drugs augmenting inhibition mediated by GABAA receptors were found to suppress ADs in all age groups, their activity was usually more marked in younger than in 25-day-old rat pups. Drugs potentiating GABAB receptors exhibit lower efficacy and more complicated developmental profile than GABAA-ergic drugs. Effects of an antagonist of GABAB receptor – marked prolongation of ADs in all three age groups – suggest an important role of GABAB receptors in arrest of cortical seizures. Drugs affecting glutamate receptors exhibit variable effects, usually better expressed in older animals than in 12-day-old ones. No specific role for ionotropic as well as metabotropic glutamate receptors could be predicted. Activation of adenosinergic inhibitory modulatory system also exhibited anticonvulsant action in the present model. All three neurotransmitter systems probably participate in mechanisms of generation, maintenance and arrest of cortical seizures., P. Mareš, H. Kubová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public