Politik Petr Pithart (1941), bývalý disident, premiér české vlády a později dlouhá léta předseda či místopředseda Senátu Parlamentu ČR, je také autorem řady knih o politice a moderních českých dějinách. V poslední z nich reflektuje svou roli v politice v období od února 1990, kdy se stal předsedou české vlády, do volební porážky jeho Občanského hnutí v červnu 1992. Recenzentka připomíná zvláště pasáže věnované rozdělení kompetencí mezi republikové vlády a federální vládu, scénářům ekonomické reformy, privatizaci průmyslových podniků nebo fungování tehdejší politiky. Autor se pohybuje mezi sebekritikou a sebeobhajobou a je podle ní silný tehdy, když příliš nemoralizuje a věcně popisuje., From the 1960s to the 1990s, Petr Pithart (b. 1941) was a leading dissident. After the Changes beginning in late 1989 he became Premier of the Czech Government and, later, was for years the Speaker or Deputy Speaker of the Czech Senate. He is also the author of a number of books about politics and modern Czech history. In his most recent publication, whose title translates as "After Eighty-nine: Recollections and meditations" (the third volume of Pithart´s collected works), he considers his role in the period from February 1990, when he was elected Czech Premier, to the defeat his party, the Citizen´s Movement (Občanské hnutí), in the general elections of June 1992. The reviewer notes in particular the passages devoted to the division of powers between the Czech and Slovak governments on the one hand and the Federal Government on the other, the scenarios for economic reform, the privatization of industries, and politics in practice. According to the reviewer, Pithart moves in this publicaton between self-criticism and self-defence and is at his strongest when he avoids moralizing and sticks instead to factual description., [autor recenze] Adéla Gjuričová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Studie Roberta Škardy se zabývá tvorbou českých skladatelů, využívajících ve svých kompozicích polystylovost a koláž, stejně jako teoretickými aspekty takového typu děl a jejich reflexí v odborných časopisech., The topic of this study is the music of Czech composers based mainly on the juxtaposition of styles, stylizations of historical or jazz music, and the use of quotations in the years between 1960 and 2000. It deals with reconstruction of the meanings of the period musical terms polystylism and collage, and it maps out the use of these terms in the reception of this music at the time and in the compositional theory and practice of Czech musical culture during that forty-year period. The main sources for the analysis of terms were reviews, articles, and scholarly studies in music journals along with the contemporary statements of the composers themselves at the time and at the present. In that context, the study follows the leading representatives from among composers and critics, derives the meanings of the terms polystylism and collage, and places them in the context of Czech music of that period. As an example of a specific composition reflected upon in the context of polystylism and collage and exhibiting a number of elements typical of this compositional orientation, the study contains an analysis of the composition Útěk (The Flight) written by Arnošt Parsch in 1973., Robert Škarda., Rubrika: Studie, and Anglické resumé na s. 199, anglický abstrakt 169.
Aktualita prezentuje výsek informací, s nimiž přichází druhá Monitorovací zpráva o postavení žen v české vědě. Cílem zprávy stejně jako tohoto sdělení je informovat o součaném postavení vědkyň a upozornit je na některé z jeho aspektů i na důležitost řešení problému genderové rovnosti ve vědě obecně. Jakkoli mají statistiky, kterým se článek věnuje, vypovídající hodnotu, ukazují na jeden z mnoha projevů genderové nerovnosti v české vědě., Hana Tenglerová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Recent trends in health care provision, targeted by social science researchers employing concepts such as deprofessionalization, routinisation, proletarisation or commercialisation, also provide insight into the current situation in the Czech healthcare system. This article contributes to debates in, and about, Czech medicine. This paper presents results from a survey of physicians conducted in late 2012. Within this survey, medical doctors expressed their opinions about the general situation in Czech medicine. Czech doctors were also asked about their opinions about the introduction of potential changes in reproductive medicine practice relating to childbirth outside hospitals, accessibility to assisted reproduction for single women, performing caesarean sections upon request. Doctors’ attitudes towards medical manipulation of DNA and embryos were also examined. The survey results presented in this study suggest that there are deep gaps in the attitudes of Czech doctors depending on their working environment. The empirical results do not support an image of homogeneity in doctors’ medical opinions. Czech physicians’ attitudes are shown to correlate with some socio-demographic characteristics such as sex category, age or religion. The attitudes of some doctors toward assisted reproduction techniques or changes in obstetric practices are supportive of demands for change made by some patients. Physician support for change of the practices under question is more evident in medical specialisations such as gynaecology and obstetrics than in other areas of Czech medicine. Answers to open-ended questions that examined perception of the most serious problems in modern medicine were dominated by specific issues arising from experience with patients and broader concerns regarding the Czech healthcare system., Lenka Slepičková a Iva Šmídová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Článek pojednává o poněkud nenápadné hmyzí skupině našich vod - potápnících (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). V ČR žije přes 130 druhů potápníků. Jsou důležitou součástí společenstev jako predátoři a mohou sloužit i k bioindikaci kvality vody. Řada druhů je ohrožena rozsáhlými změnami v krajině v posledních 50 letech, např. narovnáváním řek či eutrofizací rybníků a mokřadů., The article deals with somewhat inconspicuous aquatic insects in our waters - diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). More than 130 species are present in the Czech Republic. They are an important part of aquatic communities as predators and may also serve as water quality biondicators. Many species have been threatened by large-scale changes in the landscape over the last 50 years, including regulation and damming of rivers and eutrophication of ponds and wetlands., and Vojtěch Kolář, David Boukal.
Interakce mezi půdou a vodou má významné dopady na vlastnosti půd i na kvalitu a množství povrchových vod. Pro zvýšení úrodnosti půd se tento vztah upravuje pomocí vodohospodářských meliorací. Dopady těchto významných technických úprav hydrologie půdy sebou přináší řadu přínosů, ale i negativních dopadů na půdu i krajinu jako celek., Soil and water relationship has significant impact on soil properties and water quality as well as the amount of surface water. To increase crop yields, special management (irrigation or drainage) has been applied to correct this soil-water relationship. Management decisions concerning changes in soil moisture may have positive or negative impact on soil properties and in fact on landscape as a whole., and Jan Vopravil, Petra Kulířová, Zbyněk Kulhavý.
Půdní vlhkost má velký vliv na biodiverzitu lesní vegetace a extrémní situace jako povodně nebo sucho mohou biodiverzitu významně měnit. K těmto přirozeným faktorům se přidává působení člověka, které v dlouhodobém měřítku vedlo k vysoušení krajiny. Lesní mokřady byly odvodňovány kvůli hospodářským výnosům a teprve v současné době se lesní mokřady postupně snažíme obnovovat., Soil moisture has a strong influence on the biodiversity of forest vegetation. Extreme situations such as flooding or drought can significantly change biodiversity. In addition to these natural factors, the human impact has led to long-term desiccation on the landscape scale. Forest wetlands were drained to promote management production. Only recently can efforts to restore forest wetlands be observed., and Radim Hédl.
The catastrophic floods in the Czech lands in July 1997 and August 2002 showed that historical flood memory had been lost. The little used sources to recover it include early printed books. This article brings a selection of several exceptional flood cases captured by printed documents from the 16th-18th centuries. Extant early printed books and the information that they contain (verified from other sources where possible) suitably complement and extend the potential of historical hydrology and meteorology for the study and documentation of early floods that occurred before the beginning of instrumental observations and measurements. and Jan Munzar, Stanislav Ondráček, Lubor Kysučan.
Článek představuje jednu skupinu nosatcovitých brouků – zobonosky čeledí Attelabidae a Rhynchitidae. Těžištěm výskytu těchto brouků jsou tropické oblasti, v ČR žije 29 druhů. Zobonosky jsou typické tvorbou různě utvářených smotků na listech rostlin sloužících k vývoji larev, některé druhy napadají plody, pupeny a větvičky. Většina druhů je vázána na lesní biotopy, dále sady, zahrady nebo louky., This paper introduces a group of curculionid beetles – the Leaf Rolling Weevils of the families Attelabidae and Rhynchitidae. Most species are known from tropical regions, while in the Czech Republic 29 species are recorded. These beetles create various kinds of leaf rolls for their larvae; some species develop in fruits, buds or branches. Most species are associated with forest habitats, but they also live in orchards, gardens and on meadows., and Robert Stejskal, Filip Trnka.