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22. Plant species of the Central European flora as aliens in Australia
- Creator:
- L. Phillips, Megan, Murray, Brad R., Pyšek, Petr, Pergl, Jan, Jarošík, Vojtěch, Chytrý, Milan, and Kühn, Ingolf
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- alien plants, Australia, Central Europe, growth form, introduction history, naturalization, residence time, and source-pool approach
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The Central European flora is an important source pool of plant species introduced to many regions throughout theworld. In this study,we identified a total of 759 plant species of the Central European flora that are currently recognized as alien species in Australia. We explored temporal patterns of introduction of these species to Australia in relation to method of introduction, growth form, naturalization status and taxonomy. Across all species, substantially larger numbers of species were introduced between 1840 and 1880 as well as between 1980 and the present, with a small peak of introductions within the 1930s. These patterns reflect early immigration patterns to Australia, recent improvements in fast and efficient transportation around the globe, and emigration away from difficult conditions brought about by the lead up to the Second World War respectively. We found that the majority of species had deliberate (69%) rather than accidental (31%) introductions and most species have not naturalized (66% casual species, 34% naturalized species). A total of 86 plant families comprising 31 tree species, 91 shrub species, 533 herbaceous species and 61 grass species present in Central Europe have been introduced to Australia. Differential patterns of temporal introduction of species were found as a function of both plant family and growth form and these patterns appear linked to variation in human migration numbers to Australia.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
23. Revision of the Australian genus Blaena (Heteroptera: Cydnidae)
- Creator:
- Lis, Jerzy A. and Joanna , Heyna
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Cydnidae, Blaena, revision, new species, and Australia
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A revision of species of the Australian burrower bug genus Blaena Walker, 1868 is presented. Eight previously known species are redescribed and four new ones, B. hirta n. sp. (Queensland), B. parathroposa n. sp. (Queensland), B. pseudosetosa n. sp. (Western Australia), and B. serrata n. sp. (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia) are described and illustrated. The male and female genitalia of all the species of the genus are studied for the first time. A key for species determination is also provided.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
24. Špatná strana hranice? Anglicky mluvící levicová komunita v Československu na počátku studené války
- Creator:
- Geaney, Kathleen
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- English speaking communists in Czechoslovakia 1948-1968, international communism, Czechoslovakia, United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The paper deals with the English-speaking community in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s. It attempts to illustrate that although international communism was supposed to cross national boundaries, it was not always the case in reality. There were invisible boundaries – mental, language, cultural, ethnic and racial – that proved to be difficult to overcome for both the guests and their hosts. The paper concentrates on questions such as the role of Czechoslovakia and Prague in the international communist movement, anti- Western propaganda, political asylum, housing and job related issues the English-speakers had to face, family questions, language issues and free time activities. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
25. The distribution and abundance of the nematode Anguillicola australiensis in eels Anguilla reinhardtii in Queensland, Australia
- Creator:
- Kennedy, C.R.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Anguillicola australiensis, Anguilla reinhardtii, ecology, distribution, population biology, transmission, pathology, and Australia
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Anguillicola australiensis (Johnston et Mawson, 1940) is widespread and common in Anguilla reinhardtii Steidachner in rivers and dams of eastern Queensland, Australia, having been found in nine out of ten localities. Overall prevalence was 50% and maximum local prevalence reached 77.7%. The parasite never attained high levels of abundance and maximum adult abundance never exceeded 3.22 or intensity 10. Adults were overdispersed throughout the eel populations and abundance was unrelated to eel or swimbladder size. The greater part of the adult population was composed of immature parasites. The occurrence of larvae in the swimbladder wall was erratic and unrelated to the size of the adult population. Larvae were never abundant and the great majority were damaged by a host response. It appears that parasites either pass through the swimbladder wall rapidly and moult to adults or if delayed are destroyed. There was no indication that a paratenic host was involved in the life cycle. There was no evidence that adult parasites had any local pathogenic effects on their hosts. The population biology of Anguillicola australiensis in its natural host Anguilla reinhardtii appears to be far more similar to those of other Pacific species of Anguillicola in Anguilla japonica in China and Japan than to A. crassus in Anguilla anguilla in Europe or Japan. This latter host-parasite combination appears to be the exception not the rule. It is suggested that the lack of pathogenicity of A. australiensis may reflect a long period of host-parasite co-evolution and/or lower transmission rates resulting in lower parasite population densities.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
26. The endogenous development, described by light and electron microscopy, of Eimeria jamescooki sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the skink Cryptoblepharus virgatus
- Creator:
- Paperna, Ilan
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coccidia, Eimeria jamescooki, Cryptoblepharus virgatus, Australia, and ultrastructure
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Eimeria jamescooki sp. n. was recovered from the skink Cryptoblepharus virgatus (Garman) found on the grounds of James Cook University, Townsville (type locality), North Queensland, Australia. Oocysts were 17.5-25.0 (22.1 ± 1.9) × 15-22.5 (17.7 ± 1.6) µm and sporocysts 6.25-10.0 (7.9 ± 1.15) × 3.75-6.25 (5.3 ± 1.0) µm in size. Endogenous stages are described from histological material examined by light microscope and by transmission electron microscope. Both merogony stages and gamonts were found to develop in the cytoplasm of the anterior gut mucosal epithelium. Meront progeny were comprised of 10 to 21 merozoites. Premature macrogamonts were elongate; some host cells contained two elongate macrogamonts. Unique to the presently described species were the Golgi ''plaques'' and an enclosure of tubuli. Mature macrogamonts and young oocysts ranged in size from 14 x 7 to 21 × 11 µm and contained two types of wall-forming bodies, canaliculi and amylopectin granules. Differentiating microgamonts conformed in fine structure with that observed in other eimerians. Their sizes increased from 15.4 × 4.2 to 28 × 8.4 µm while dividing to over 70 nuclei, which formed a corresponding yield of microgametes.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
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