František Pražák ; [s původní litografií Maxe Švabinského a v úpravě Cyrila Boudy], 550 čísl. výt. na ručním maršovském papíře, Bubla 6801, and Bibliofilie
Inhibin B is a gonadal dimeric polypeptide hormone that regulates synthesis and secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in a negative feedback loop. The aim of the present study was to determine changes in serum inhibin B, gonadotropins and testosterone concentrations during childhood and puberty in males. We studied the relationship between circulating inhibin B, gonadotropins and testosterone in serum of healthy boys during the first two years of life and then in pubertal development. Using a recently developed two-side enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), inhibin B levels were measured in the serum of 78 healthy boys divided into eleven age groups from birth to the end of pubertal development. In addition, serum levels of gonadotropins and testosterone were measured. Serum inhibin B, gonadotropins and testosterone increased during the first months of postnatal life. A peak in serum inhibin B and gonadotropins concentrations was observed around 3-4 months of age. There was a significant positive correlation between serum inhibin B and gonadotropins and testosterone levels during the first 2 years of life. After this early increase, serum inhibin B, gonadotropins and testosterone levels decreased significantly and remained low until puberty followed by an increase beginning with the onset of puberty. Serum levels of inhibin B reached a peak at stage G3 of puberty. Around midpuberty, inhibin B lost its positive correlation with luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone from early puberty, and developed a strong negative correlation with FSH, which persisted into adulthood. We conclude that inhibin B plays a key role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal hormonal axis during male childhood and pubertal development. Inhibin B is a direct marker of the presence and function of Sertoli cells and appears to reflect testicular function in boys., M. Chada, R. Průša, J. Bronský, K. Kotaška, K. Šídlová, M. Pechová, L. Lisá., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_Inhibin B, produced by granulosa cells in the ovary, is a heterodimeric glycoprotein suppressing synthesis and secretion of the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). The aim of the present study was to determine hormone profiles of inhibin B, FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol in girls during childhood and puberty and to evaluate whether inhibin B is a marker of follicle development. We examined the correlation between inhibin B and gonadotropins and estradiol during the first two years and across the pubertal development. Using a specific two-side enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), inhibin B levels were measured in the serum of 53 healthy girls divided into 8 groups according to age. In addition, serum FSH, LH, and estradiol were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay in all serum samples. A rise in serum levels of inhibin B (55.2±7.3 ng/l, mean ± S.E.M.) and FSH (1.78±0.26 UI/l), concomitant with a moderate increment of serum LH (0.36±0.09 UI/l) and estradiol (45.8±12.2 pmol/l) concentrations was observed during the first three months of life and declined to prepubertal concentrations thereafter. A strong positive correlation between inhibin B and FSH (r = 0.48, p<0.05), LH (r = 0.68, p<0.001) and estradiol (r = 0.59, p<0.01) was demonstrated during the first 2 years of life. A rise in serum levels of inhibin B, FSH, LH, and estradiol was found throughout puberty. Inhibin B had a strong positive correlation with FSH (stage I of puberty: r = 0.64, p<0.05; stage II of puberty: r = 0.86, p<0.01), LH (I: r = 0.61, p<0.05; II: r = 0.67, p<0.05), and estradiol (II: r = 0.62, p<0.05) in early puberty. From pubertal stage II, inhibin B lost this relationship to gonadotropins and estradiol. Serum inhibin B and FSH levels increased significantly during pubertal development, with the highest peak found in stage III of puberty (133.5±14.3 ng/l), and decreased thereafter., a2_In conclusion, inhibin B is produced in a specific pattern in response to gonadotropin stimulation and plays an important role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis during childhood and puberty in girls. Inhibin B is involved in regulatory functions in developing follicles and seems to be a sensitive marker of ovarian follicle development., M. Chada, R. Průša, J. Bronský, M. Pechová, L. Lisá., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Statická scintigrafie ledvin je jednoduchá neinvazivní metoda založená na principu záchytu 99mTc-DMSA ve funkčním ledvinném parenchymu. Snímání se provádí s odstupem 2-4 hodin po intravenózní aplikaci. Vyšetření je standardizováno, dobře dostupné, reprodukovatelné a nevyžaduje sedaci. Je spojeno s radiační zátěží, efektivní dávka činí přibližně 1 mSv bez ohledu na věk dítěte. Senzitivita DMSA skenu pro detekci parenchymových defektů u akutní pyelonefritidy se pohybuje mezi 90-100%. DMSA sken ale neumožňuje odlišit změny vyvolané akutním zánětem od jizev. Statická scintigrafie ledvin je akceptována jako referenční metoda, která spolehlivě detekuje přítomnost pyelonefritických jizev citlivěji než ultrazvuk, ale ne dříve než s odstupem 6 měsíců po atace akutní pyelonefritidy Negativní časný DMSA sken vylučuje jizvení a někteří autoři proto navrhují u těchto dětí neprovádět mikční cystografii. Optimální vyšetřovací algoritmus, který dovede identifikovat pyelonefritické jizvy a rizikové faktory vedoucí k recidivám infekce močových cest, zatím neexistuje. Každý dosud navržený má své výhody a nevýhody a bez jejich znalosti je nelze přejímat., Renal cortical scintigraphy is a simple noninvasive method based on principle of uptake 99mTc-DMSA in functional renal parenchyma. Static imaging is performed 2-4 hours after intravenous injection. Examination is standardize, well available, reproducible and it does not need sedation. It is associated with radiation dose of approximately 1 mSv, regardless of the age of the child. The sensitivity of DMSA scan for the detection of parenchymal defects due to infections ranges from 90 to 100% but does not allow differentiation of acute pyelonephritis from renal scars. It is the reference method for detecting renal sequelae after acute pyelonephritis, is more sensitive than sonography and should be performed no sooner than 6 months after the last documented infection. This indication is widely accepted. The role of cortical scintigraphy is still largely debated in acute pyelonephritis. Some authors suggest that after a normal result of an acute DMSA scan micturating cystourethrography is unnecessary. In children with a clinical diagnosis of pyelonephritis the optimal management strategy to identify associated renal injury and to uncover risk factors for future infection does not exist. Each of them has advantages and disadvantages and without their knowledge is impossible to practise them., Táborská K., and Literatura