This study aimed to investigate alterations in hemorheology induced by L-carnosine, an anti- oxidant dipeptide, and to determine their relationship to oxidative stress in density-separated erythrocytes of aged and young rats. 28 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups as aged (Aca), young (Yca) L-carnosine groups (250 mg/kg L-carnosine, i.p.) and aged (As), young (Ys) control groups (saline, i.p.). Density separation was further performed to these groups in order to separate erythrocytes according to their age. Blood samples were used for the determination of erythrocyte deformability, aggregation; and oxidative stress parameters. Erythrocyte deformability of Yca group measured at 0.53 Pa was lower than Aca group. Similarly, deformability of least-dense (young) erythrocytes of Yca group was decreased compared to least-dense erythrocytes of Aca groups. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of Aca group was higher and oxidative stress index (OSI) lower than As group. Although L-carnosine resulted in an enhancement in TAC of aged rats, this favorable effect was not observed in erythrocyte deformability and aggregation in the dose applied in this study. and G. Erken, M. Bor-Kucukatay, E. KilicToprak, B. Akdag, V. Kucukatay
Současné studie naznačují možnou důležitou úlohu melatoninu v Huntingtonově nemoci (HN) a jeho možné terapeutické využití při léčbě této nemoci. HN je dědičné neurodegenerativní onemocnění, které doprovází snižování hladiny melatoninu s postupem onemocnění. U normálních (nenádorových) buněk působí melatonin antiapoptoticky díky svým antioxidačním vlastnostem a schopnosti zabránit aktivaci proteinu p53. Dále melatonin zvyšuje expresi BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) a dalších neuroprotektivních faktorů. Cílem této studie bylo stanovit netoxickou dávku melatoninu pro primární kožní fibroblasty izolované z transgenních miniprasat pro N‑koncovou část lidského mutovaného huntingtinu (TgHD) a popsat efekt tohoto ošetření na tyto buňky vystavené genotoxickému stresu. Buňky byly kultivovány v médiu obohaceném různými dávkami melatoninu. Analýzou proliferačních křivek získaných mikroskopováním živých buněk v pravidelných časových intervalech jsme stanovili efekt různých koncentrací melatoninu.Ukázali jsme, že vyšší dávky melatoninu jsou pro primární prasečí buňky toxické. Je zajímavé, že TgHD buňky byly oproti kontrolním buňkám více citlivé k tímto dávkám melatoninu. Stanovili jsme efektivní dávku melatoninu a současně jsme ukázali její efekt na proliferaci u buněk vystavených genotoxickému stresu. Klíčová slova: Huntingtonova choroba – melatonin – mikroskopie buněk v čase – miniprasečí model –proliferační křivky – kožní fibroblasty Autoři deklarují, že v souvislosti s předmětem studie nemají žádné komerční zájmy. Redakční rada potvrzuje, že rukopis práce splnil ICMJE kritéria pro publikace zasílané do biomedicínských časopisů., According to the recent studies, melatonin might play an important role in Huntington’s disease (HD) and act as a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of the disease. HD, the inherited neurodegenerative disorder, is accompanied by gradual melatonin reduction as it progresses. Melatonin in normal cells (non‑tumor) has the anti‑apoptotic ability due to its antioxidant property and its ability to prevent the activation of p53. Furthermore, melatonin increases the expression of BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) and other neuroprotective factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nontoxic dose of melatonin for primary skin fibroblasts isolated from minipigs transgenic for the N‑terminal part of human mutated huntingtin (TgHD), and the effect of melatonin treatment to these cells exposed to genotoxic stress. Cells were cultured in medium supplemented with different doses of melatonin. Using time lapse microscopy, we estimated the effect of decreasing melatonin concentrations by analyzing the proliferation curves. We show that higher doses of melatonin are toxic for primary porcine fibroblasts. Interestingly, TgHD cells were more sensitive to these doses of melatonin treatment than wild type cells. We evaluated the effective dose of melatonin and demonstrated its rescue proliferative effect on porcine primary cells exposed to genotoxic stress., and P. Rausova, J. Valasek, Z. Ellederová, J. Motlik
Introduction: We studied influence of mud-bath on bone status in male Wistar rats with subchronic arthritis. Methods: Arthritis was induced by 2 subplantar injections of Freund’s adjuvans with heat-killed Streptoccocus pyogenes into paw. Groups: intact (int) on chippings; (con) arthritis on chippings; (san38) arthritis on hot sand; (mu38) arthritis on hot mud; (mu21) arthritis on mild mud. Bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and femurs were tested biomechanically. Bone markers osteocalcin (OC), PINP and CTX were analysed in bone. Results: BMD of right femur decreased vs. left in san38 (p = 0.030) and mu38 (p = 0.047). Fracture load of right/left femur (N) decreased in experimental groups, significantly in san38 (p = 0.05). Fracture threshold of neck decreased in right vs. left in experimental groups, but significantly in san38 (p = 0.05). OC decreased in mu38 vs. con (1.84 ± 0.14/2.62 ± 0.23). PINP decreased in int vs. san38 (p = 0.005) and mu21 (p < 0.001). CTX decreased in int vs. mu38 (p = 0.006) and mu21 (p = 0.005). Conclusion: The hot bath appears indifferent in relation to osteoporosis, while cold mud-bath shows good effect on bone metabolism. The cold mud-baths help to reduce arthritic inflammation and pain and thereby lead to higher mobility with positive consequence on bone., Helena Živná, Ljiljana Maric, Iveta Gradošová, Klára Švejkovská, Soňa Hubená, Pavel Živný, and Literatura 19
AIM: The ability of two newly developed oximes (K727, K733) to reduce tabun-induced acute neurotoxic signs and symptoms was evaluated and compared with currently available trimedoxime in rats. METHODS: The neuroprotective effects of the oximes studied combined with atropine on Wistar rats poisoned with tabun at a lethal dose (380 µg/kg i.m.; 90% of LD50 value) were evaluated. Tabun-induced neurotoxicity was monitored by the functional observational battery consisting of 38 measurements of sensory, motor and autonomic nervous functions at 2 hours following tabun challenge. RESULTS: All tested oximes combined with atropine enable tabun-poisoned rats to survive till the end of experiment. Both newly developed oximes (K727, K733) combined with atropine were able to decrease tabun-induced neurotoxicity in the case of lethal poisoning although they did not eliminate all tabun-induced acute neurotoxic signs and symptoms. CONCLUSION: The ability of both novel bispyridinium oximes to decrease tabun-induced acute neurotoxicity was slightly lower than that of trimedoxime. Therefore, the newly developed oximes are not suitable for the replacement of commonly used oximes such as trimedoxime in the treatment of acute tabun poisonings. and J. Kassa, J. Hatlapatková, J. Žďárová Karasová
Large animal models to explore the safety and tolerability of novel therapeutic approaches for Huntington’s disease (HD) are in exploration to achieve higher translational reliability in future studies. Recently, a Libechov minipig has been established as one new transgenic (Tg) large animal model for HD. We here discuss the advantages and limitations in using this model in HD with regards to breeding, housing, handling, and with respect to homology to humans and ethical considerations. A group of TgHD and wild type (WT) female minipigs (n = 36) was used to gain first evidence about abovementioned aspects. It is concluded that Libechov minipigs may fulfill an important role to bridge the gap between rodents and non‑human primates in the translation to humans. and S. Schramke, R. Schubert, F. Frank, M. Wirsig, M. Fels, N. Kemper, V. Schuldenzucker, R. Reilmann
Bio-degradable stents are be made of different synthetic polymers (like polylactide or polyglycolide) or their co-polymers (polydioxanone). They can be used for treating benign stenoses of the small and large intestine, particularly in Crohn’s disease. Endoscopic introduction of bio-degradable stents into small and large intestinal stenoses is feasible and relatively simple. Initial results are encouraging and the complication rate is low. However, there are still some difficulties that need to be overcome. The rate of early stent migration is still rather high (up to one third of patients). This might be solved by changes in the shape or rigidity of the stents as well as by further improvement in the design. Proof of long-term efficacy and safety requires further studies., Stanislav Rejchrt, Jan Bureš, Jan Brožík, Marcela Kopáčová, and Literatura 52
Polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky (PAU) reprezentují významnou skupinu pracovních i mimopracovních kontaminant, při expozicích se vedle inhalačního příjmu významně uplatňuje i příjem transdermální. Jedním z typických představitelů skupiny PAU je námi testovaný pyren. Prezentovaná in vitro studie byla zaměřena na vliv nosného média/rozpouštědla (acetonu nebo slunečnicového oleje) na základní charakteristiky transdermálního přestupu pyrenu přes plnou kůži ušního boltce prasete. Experiment byl prováděn ve vertikální statické difuzní komůrce dle Franze. Koncentrace pyrenu v donorové fázi byla 0,00095 g pyrenu/g rozpouštědla a 0,0095 g pyrenu/g rozpouštědla. Koncentrace pyrenu ve vzorcích receptorové tekutiny byla stanovována plynověchromatografickou analýzou s hmotnostní detekcí. Při použití slunečnicového oleje jako rozpouštědla byla absorpce pyrenu v případě nižší koncentrace donorové fáze 0,04±0,06 nmol/cm2/24 h; 0,15±0,14 nmol/cm2/48 h a 0,50±0,58 nmol/cm2/72 h, hodnota flux 0,0088±0,0089 nmol/cm2/h a hodnota lag time 17,36±13,43 h. Při použití donorové fáze s vyšší koncentrací byla absorpce pyrenu 0,07±0,06 nmol/cm2/24h; 0,34±0,25 nmol/cm2/48 h a 0,63±0,35 nmol/cm2/72 h, hodnota flux 0,0119±0,0063 nmol/cm2/h a hodnota lag time 18,09±10,54 h. Při použití acetonu jako rozpouštědla byla absorpce pyrenu v případě nižší koncentrace donorové fáze 0,02±0,05 nmol/cm2/12 h; 0,19±0,22 nmol/cm2/24 h; 0,55±0,59 nmol/cm2/48 h a 1,17±1,13 nmol/cm2/72 h, hodnota flux 0,0192±0,0181 nmol/cm2/h a hodnota lag time 15,38±10,04 h. Při aplikaci donorové fáze s vyšší koncentrací byla absorpce pyrenu 0,02±0,02 nmol/cm2/12 h; 0,09±0,05 mol/cm2/24 h; 0,39±0,36 nmol/cm2/48 h a 0,91±0,81 nmol/cm2/72 h, hodnota flux 0,0150±0,0139 nmol/cm2/h a hodnota lag time 13,16±6,37 h. Absorpce pyrenu byla v obou koncentracích donorové fáze vyšší v případě použití acetonového rozpouštědla, statisticky významný byl tento rozdíl pouze u hodnot nalezených po 12 a 24 hodinách u nižší expoziční dávky a po 12 hodinách u expoziční dávky vyšší., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent an important group of work and nonoccupational contaminants. Pyrene is one of the typical representatives of PAHs. In occupational exposure the inhaled amount of pyrene may be accompanied by a considerable transdermal intake. The presented in vitro experiment was focused on the influence of carrier medium/solvent (acetone or sunflower oil) on the basic characteristics of pyrene transfer through full pig ear skin, using diffusion Franz cells. Pyrene concentration in the donor phase was 0.00095 g pyrene/g solvent and 0.0095 g pyrene/g solvent. Pyrene concentration in the receptor fluid samples was determined by GC-MS. When using sunflower oil as a solvent, the absorptions of pyrene in the case of lower donor phase concentration were 0.04±0.06 nmol/cm2/24 h; 0.15±0.14 nmol/cm2/48 h and 0.50±0.58 nmol/cm2/72 h, flux 0.0088±0.0089 nmol/cm2/h and lag time 17.36±13.43 h. When using a donor phase with higher concentration of pyrene, the absorptions were 0.07±0.06 nmol/cm2/24 h; 0.34±0.25 nmol/cm2/48 h and 0.63±0.35 nmol/cm2/72 h, flux 0.0119±0.0063 nmol/cm2/h and lag time 18.09±10.54 h. When using acetone as the solvent, the absorptions of pyrene in the case of lower donor phase concentration were 0.02±0.05 nmol/cm2/12 h; 0.19±0.22 nmol/cm2/24 h; 0.55±0.59 nmol/cm2/48 h and 1.17±1.13 nmol/cm2/72 h, flux 0.0192±0.0181 nmol/cm2/h and lag time 15.38±10.04 h. When using higher donor phase concentration, the absorptions of pyrene were 0.02±0.02 nmol/cm2/12 h; 0.09±0.05 nmol/cm2/24 h; 0.39±0.36 nmol/cm2/48 h and 0.91±0.81 nmol/cm2/72 h, flux 0.0150±0.0139 nmol/cm2/h and lag time 13.16±6.37 h. The absorption of pyrene was in both donor phase concentrations higher in the case of using acetone solvent, but a statistically significant difference was only found after 12 and 24 hours of exposure at lower doses and after 12 hours of exposure at higher doses., Lenka Kotingová, Viktor Voříšek, Lenka Borská, Eva Čermáková, Zdeněk Fiala, and Literatura 34