Excitation-emission maps were constructed by measuring emission spectra from tobacco thylakoids and from thylakoids and intact cells of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803. The measurement of such maps is greatly facilitated by the current diode-array detector technology. We show that excitation-emission maps are valuable tools for studies of the structure and energy transfer pathways in photosynthetic systems. and Mika Keränen, Eva-Mari Aro, Esa Tyystjärvi.
In this paper we consider the third-order nonlinear delay differential equation (∗) (a(t) x ′′(t) ) γ ) ′ + q(t)x γ (τ (t)) = 0, t ≥ t0, where a(t), q(t) are positive functions, γ > 0 is a quotient of odd positive integers and the delay function τ (t) 6 t satisfies lim t→∞ τ (t) = ∞. We establish some sufficient conditions which ensure that (∗) is oscillatory or the solutions converge to zero. Our results in the nondelay case extend and improve some known results and in the delay case the results can be applied to new classes of equations which are not covered by the known criteria. Some examples are considered to illustrate the main results.